유대인의 '18 기도'
십팔기도(十八祈禱, eighteen benedictions)
유대인이 하루 세 번 드리는 중요한 기도. 이 기도가 선자세로 경건하게 드려진데서 '셰모-네 에스레-'이름 붙여진 것이다. 제자들이 예수께 “주여 요한이 자기 제자들에게 기도를 가르친 것과 같이 우리에게도 기도를 가르쳐 주옵소서”(눅11:1-)하고 원한 것은 유대교에서 '십팔기도'가 행해지고 있었던 것과 구별할 수 있는 그리스도교의 정신을 담은 기도의 교시를 청한 것을 의미한다.
1. 주님, 우리 조상들의 하나님, 아브라함의 하나님, 이삭의 하나님, 야곱의 하나님, 전능하시고 무서우신 하나님, 하늘과 땅을 지으신 지고하신 하나님, 우리 방패 그리고 우리의 조상들의 방패이신 하나님, 매세대마다 우리의 의지할 분이신 당신을 축복하나이다. 아브라함의 방패이신 주님, 당신을 축복하나이다.
2. 당신은 전능하셔서 교만한 자들을 겸손케 하시는 이시고, 강하시고 포악한 자들을 심판하시는 분이십니다. 당신은 영원히 사시고 죽은 자들을 일으키시며, 바람을 불게 하시고 이슬을 내리시며, 산 자들에 공급하여 주시고 죽은 자들을 살리시며, 단숨에 우리의 구원이 일어나게 하시는 분이십니다. 죽은 자들을 살리시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
3. 당신은 거룩하시고 당신의 이름은 경외로우시며, 당신 외에는 다른 신이 없습니다. 거룩하신 하나님이신 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
4. 우리 아버지, 우리에게 당신으로부터 오는 자식을 주시고, 당신의 율법으로부터 오는 이해와 판단력을 주시옵소서. 지식을 주시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
5. 주여, 우리를 당신께로 돌이키소서. 우리가 회개하겠나이다. 예전과 같이 우리의 날들을 새롭게 하소서. 회개를 기뻐하시는 당신을 축복합니다.
6. 우리 아버지, 우리가 당신께 죄를 지었사오니 우리를 용서하소서. 우리의 악행들을 지워 버리시고 당신의 시야에서 제거하소서. 당신의 자비가 풍성하시니까요. 용서를 풍성히 베푸시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
7. 우리의 고난을 보시고, 우리를 위해 호소하시며, 당신의 이름을 인하여 우리를 구속하소서. 이스라엘의 구속자이신 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
8. 우리 하나님이신 주여, 우리의 심장의 아픔을 치유하시며, 슬픔과 탄식을 우리로부터 제거하시고 우리의 상처를 치유하소서. 당신의 백성 이스라엘의 병자들을 치유하시는 당신을 축복합니다.
9. 우리 하나님이신 주여, 우리를 위해 금년을 축복하시고, 금년의 모든 생산을 풍성하게 하소서. 우리의 최후 구속의 해를 빨리 가져오소서. 땅에 이슬과 비를 내려 주시고, 당신의 사랑의 보고로부터 세상을 만족게 하시며, 우리 손의 일을 축복하소서. 해마다 축복하시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
10. 우리의 해방을 큰 나팔을 불어 선포하시고, 깃발을 들어 우리의 흩어진 자들을 모으소서. 당신의 백성 이스라엘의 추방당한 자들을 모으시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
11. 우리의 심판관(사사)들을 예전과 같이 회복시키시고 우리의 지혜자들을 처음과 같이 회복시켜 주소서. 오직 당신만이 우리를 다스리소서. 심판을 사랑하시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
12. 그리고 배교자들에게는 소망이 없게 하시고, 교만한 나라는 빨리 우리의 생애에 뿌리 뽑히게 하소서. 그리고 나사렛 당원들과 이단자들은 빨리 망하게 하시고, 그들이 생명책에서 지워지게 하시며, 그들이 의인들과 함께 기록되게 하지 마소서. 교만한 자들을 겸손케 하시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
13. 당신의 자비가 의로운 개종자들에게 풍성히 내리게 하시고, 당신의 기쁜 뜻을 행하는 자들과 더불어 우리에게 풍성한 상을 주소서. 의인들의 신뢰처이신 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
14. 우리 하나님이신 주여, 당신의 풍성한 자비로 당신의 백성 이스라엘에, 당신의 도성 예루살렘에, 영광의 거처인 시온에, 당신의 의로운 메시아 다윗가의 왕권에 자비를 베푸소서. 예루살렘을 세우시는 다윗의 하나님이신 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
15. 우리 하나님이신 주여, 우리 기도의 음성을 들으시고, 우리에게 자비로우소서. 당신은 은혜로우시고 자비로우시니이다. 기도를 들으시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
16. 우리 하나님이신 주여, 시온에 가까이 거처하소서. 그리고 예루살렘에서 당신의 종들로 하여금 당신을 섬기게 하소서. 우리가 경외심으로 예배하는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
17. 우리 하나님이신 주님, 우리 조상들의 하나님을 찬양하나이다. 당신이 우리에게 허락하시고, 우리에게 그리고 우리보다 앞선 우리의 조상들에게 행하신 모든 선하심과 은혜와 자비를 인하여 찬양하나이다. 우리가 실족하는 상황에 처해 있다고 하면, 오 주여, 당신의 은혜가 우리를 구출합니다. 오로지 선하신 이인 주여, 당신을 축복합니다.
18. 당신의 백성, 이스라엘, 당신의 도성, 당신의 기업에 당신의 평화를 가져오소서. 그리고 우리 모두를 함께 축복하소서. 평화를 이루시는 주님, 당신을 축복합니다.
The Eighteen Benedictions
The eighteen benedictions (Shemoneh Ezreh) are also called "The Amidah" or the prayer that is said while standing facing toward Jerusalem, most of which is said silently. The Amidah is used during Sabbath services and holy days as well in the the daily service. You can find a copy in most any traditional prayer book called Siddur and is available from multiple sources.
As to the number of blessings, there are actually nineteen blessings rather than Shemoneh Esreh (eighteen). To understand this discrepancy see prayer #12. Against Slanderers.
The first three benedictions state the fundamental beliefs of Judaism in the one true creator G-d;
The intermediate benedictions 4-15 are petitions. 4-9 are personal in nature;
5. Repentance
6. Forgiveness
7. Deliverance from affliction
8. Healing
The 10th -15th benedictions are national petitions;
11. The righteous reign of God
12. Against slanderers, informers and traitors
14. The rebuilding of Jerusalem
Benedictions 16-18 are regarding service to HaShem:
18. Thanksgiving for God's mercies.
19. Grant Peace
The following is an approximate translation of the Amidah with some paraphrasing by myself.
SABBATH AMIDAH
1. God of History
O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth shall declare your praise.
Blessed art thou, O lord our God and God of our fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, the great mighty and revered God, the most high God, who bestows lovingkindness, and the Master of all things; who remembers the pious deeds of the patriarchs, and in love will bring a redeemer to their children's children for your Name's sake.
2. God of Nature
[During the Ten Days of Repentance say: Remember us unto life, O king, who delights in life, and inscribe us in the book of life, for your own sake, O living God.]
O King, Helper, Savior and Shield. Blessed art thou, O Lord, the Shield of Abraham.
You, O Lord, are mighty for ever, you revive the dead, You are mighty to save.
[From the day after Simchat Torah until the Eve of Passover, say: You cause the wind to blow and the rain to fall.]
You sustain the living with lovingkindness, revive the dead with great mercy, support the falling, heal the sick, free the bound, and keep Your faith to them that sleep in the dust. who is like You, Lord of the mighty acts, and who resembles You, O King, who orders death and restores life, and causes salvation (Yeshua) to spring forth?
[During the Ten days of Repentance say: Who is like You, Father of mercy, who in mercy remembers your creatures unto life?]
Yes, You are faithful to revive the dead. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who revives the dead.
3. G-d who sanctifies.
Responsive reading:
We will sanctify Your Name in the world even as they sanctify it in the highest heavens, as it is written by the hand of Your prophet:
And they call to one another and said,
Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of Hosts: The whole earth is full of His glory.
Those over against them say, Blessed...
Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place.
And in Your Holy Words it is written, saying
The Lord shall reign for ever, Your God O Zion, unto all generations. Praise Ye the Lord.
Unto all generations we will declare Your greatness, and to all eternity we will proclaim Your holiness, and Your praise, O our God, shall no depart from our mouth for ever, for Your are a great and holy God and King. Blessed art thou, O Lord the holy God. [During the days of Repentance conclude the Blessing: ---the holy King.]
4. Prayer for understanding.
You favor man with knowledge, and teach mortals understanding. Favor us with knowledge, understanding and discernment from You. Blessed art thou, O Lord, gracious Giver of knowledge.
5. Prayer for repentance
Cause us to return, our Father, unto Your Torah; draw us near, our King, unto Your service, and bring us back in perfect repentance unto Your presence. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who delights in repentance.
6. Prayer for forgiveness
Forgive us, our Father, for we have sinned; pardon us, our King, for we have transgressed;
[On Fast Days, Selichoth are inserted here.]
for You do pardon and forgive. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who is gracious, and does abundantly forgive.
7. Prayer for deliverance from affliction
Look upon our affliction and plead our cause, and redeem us speedily for Your name's sake; for You are a mighty Redeemer. Blessed art thou, O Lord, the Redeemer of Israel. [On fast days the Reader says "Answer us, O Lord, answer us on this day of the fast of our humiliation, for we are in great trouble. Turn not to our wickedness; conceal not your face from us, and hide not Yourself from our supplication. Be near, we beseach You, unto our cry; let Your lovingkindness be a comfort to us; even before we call unto You answer us, according as it is said, And it shall come to pass that, before they call, I will answer; while they are yet speaking, I will hear; for You, O Lord, are He who answers in time of trouble, who delivers and rescues in all times of trouble and distress; the holy King."]
8. Prayer for Healing
Heal us, O Lord, and we shall be healed; save us and we shall be saved; for You are our praise. Grant a perfect healing to all our wounds; [You may add a prayer for the sick here] for You, almighty King, are a faithful and merciful Physician. Blessed art thou O Lord, who heals the sick of Your people Israel.
9. Prayer for Deliverance from want
Bless this year unto us, O Lord our God, together with every kind of the produce, for our welfare; give [From December 4th until Passover: Dew and rain for] a blessing upon the face of the earth. O satisfy us with your goodness, and bless our year like other good years. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who blesses the years.
10. Prayer for reunion of Israel
Sound the great horn for our freedom; raise the ensign to gather our exiles, and gather us from the four corners of the earth. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who gathers the dispersed of Your people Israel.
11. Prayer for the righteous reign of G-d
Restore our judges as in former times, and our counselors as at the beginning; remove from us sorrow and sighing; reign over us, O Lord, You alone, in lovingkindness and tender mercy, and clear us in judgment. Blessed art thou, O Lord, the King who loves righteousness and judgment. [During the Ten Days of Repentance say: the King of Judgment.]
12. Prayer against slanderers (added later at Yavneh)
And for slanderers let there be no hope, and let all wickedness perish as in a moment; let all Your enemies be speedily cut off, and the dominion of arrogance uproot and crush, cast down and humble speedily in our days. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who breaks the enemies and humbles the arrogant.
This addition to the Shemoneh Ezreh brings the count of blessings to 19 instead of the 18, as indicated by its name. The prayer against slanderers was added at Yavneh placing it during the time of the beyt midrash at Babylon, (See Barachoth 33a) This prayer was aimed at "Christians" according to Rabbi Jeffery Cohen, author of Blessed Are You.
13. Prayer for the righteous and proselytes
Toward the righteous and the pious, toward the elders of Your people the house of Israel, toward the remnant of their scribes, toward true proselytes, and toward us also may Your tender mercies be stirred, O Lord our God; grant a good reward unto all who faithfully trust in Your Name; set our portion with them for ever, so that we may not be put to shame; for we have trusted in You. Blessed art thou, O Lord the stay and trust of the righteous.
14. Prayer for the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
And Jerusalem, Your city, return in mercy, and dwell therein as You have spoken; rebuild it soon in our days as an everlasting building, and speedily set up therein the throne of David. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who rebuilds Jerusalem.
15. Prayer for the Messianic King
Speedily cause the offspring of David, Your servant, to flourish, and lift up his glory by Your divine help because we wait for Your salvation all the day. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who causes the strength of salvation (Yeshua) to flourish.
16. Prayer for the hearing of prayer.
Hear our voice, O Lord our God; spare us and have mercy upon us, and accept our prayer in mercy and favor; for You are a God who hears and answers prayers and supplications; from Your presence, O our King, turn us not away empty; [On fast days the Reader says "Answer us, O Lord, answer us on this day of the fast of our humiliation, for we are in great trouble. Turn not to our wickedness; conceal not your face from us, and hide not Yourself from our supplication. Be near, we beseach You, unto our cry; let Your lovingkindness be a comfort to us; even before we call unto You answer us, according as it is said, And it shall come to pass that, before they call, I will answer; while they are yet speaking, I will hear; for You, O Lord, are He who answers in time of trouble, who delivers and rescues in all times of trouble and distress; the holy King."]
for You hear and answer in mercy to the prayers of Your people Israel. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who hears and answers prayer.
17. Prayer for the restoration of Temple service.
Accept, O Lord our God, Your people Israel and their prayer; restore the service to the inner sanctuary of Your house; receive in love and favor both the offerings of Israel and their prayer; and may the worship of Your people Israel be ever acceptable unto You.
[Add on the New Moon, Feast of unleavened Bread, and Feast of Tabernacles add: Our god and God of our fathers! May our remembrance ascend, come and be accepted before You, with the remembrance of our fathers, of Messiah the son of David Your servant, of Jerusalem Your holy city, and of all Your people the house of Israel, bringing deliverance and well being, grace, lovingkindness and mercy, life and peace on this day of
(On the following days say: The New Moon.
The feast of Unleavened Bread.
the Feast of Tabernacles.)
Remember us, O Lord our God, thereon for our well-being; be mindful of us for blessing, and save us unto live: by Your promise of salvation and mercy, spare us and be gracious to us; have mercy upon us and save us; for our eyes are bent upon You, because You are a gracious and merciful G-d and King.]
And let our eyes behold Your return in mercy to Zion. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who restores Your divine presence to Zion.
18. Thanksgiving for G-d's unfailing mercies.
[While the reader says the following paragraph the congregation recites in an undertone: We give thanks unto You for You are the Lord our God, and the God of our fathers, the God of all flesh, our Creator and the Creator of all things in the beginning. Blessings and thanksgiving be to Your great and holy Name, because You have kept us in life and have preserved us' so may You continue to keep us in life and preserve us. Gather our exiles to Your holy courts to observe Your statutes, to do Your will, and to serve You with a perfect heart; seeing that we give thanks unto You. Blessed be the god to whom thanksgiving is due.]
We give thanks unto You for You are the Lord our god and god of our fathers for ever and ever; You are the rock of our lives, the Shield of our salvation through every generation. We will give thanks unto You and declare Your praise for our lives which are committed unto Your hand, and for our souls which are in Your charge, and ro Your miracles, which are daily with us, and for Your miracles, which are daily with us, and for Your wonders and Your benefits, which are wrought at all times, evening, morning and noon. You are all good, whose mercies fail not; You are the merciful Being, whose lovingkindness never ceases, we have ever hoped in You. [On Chanukah and Purim the following is added: We thank You also for the miracles, for the redemption, for the mighty deeds and saving acts, wrought by You, as well as for the wars which You waged for our fathers in days of old, at this season.]
[19]Grant Peace.
There are actually 19 benedictions in the Shemoneh Esrey. for clarification see blessing number twelve Prayer Against Slanderers.
Grant peace, welfare, blessing, grace, lovingkindness and mercy unto us and unto all Israel, Your people. Bless us, O our Father, even all of us together, with the light of Your countenance; for by the light of Your countenance You have given us, O Lord our God, the Torah of life, lovingkindness and righteousness, blessing, mercy, life and peace; and my it be good in Your sight to bless Your people Israel at all times and in every hour with thy peace.
Blessed are You, O Lord, who blesses Your people Israel with peace.